First Aid for Frostbite

When exposed to cold, the body tissue freezes. This affects the body like a burn. The hands, feet, ears, cheeks and nose are the most commonly affected areas. Deep frostbite, often affecting the feet and hands, can be very dangerous. It can lead to infection, severe pain and swelling, nerve and tissue damage, and amputation. If you suspect severe frostbite, take the person to an emergency room at once. Look for these symptoms:

• Yellow or gray patches on the skin.
• Red, flaky skin. In more severe cases, a blister or sore, swelling and pain may develop.
• Cold, waxy and pale skin. It turns blue or purple when it thaws. Large blisters appear, followed by peeling or gangrene (dark, swollen tissue). This is an EMERGENCY.

1. Have the person come inside and remove any wet clothing.
2. Warm arm, leg, hand, foot, fingers, or toes by holding them in your armpit. Warm ears and noses with a warm palm. DO NOT RUB; rubbing can cause further damage.
3. For deeper freezing, hold extremity in warm water (105°-110° F) for 20 minutes, or until the color returns. DO NOT USE HOT WATER.
4. Protect involved area from further damage.
5. Apply a sterile gauze and elevate injured area for 40 minutes.
6. Take person to get medical care. If person is lethargic, CALL 911.